远洋船舶制冷节能技术与经济分析

根据实船操作实践和调研，在对远洋船舶制冷与空调系统的运行工况、操作管理、维护保养等特点进行综合分析基础上，阐述了船舶制冷装置降低能耗和操作运行成本的有效途径，提出了一些有益于船舶制冷节能的结论。     

我国水运业上市公司竞争力的实证分析

在充分理解企业竞争力的内涵和特点的基础上,从实际可操作性出发,以水运业上市公司2001年年报中的数据资料为依据,利用多元统计分析中的主成分分析方法对我国水运业上市公司的竞争力进行了全面性地定量实证分析,从而希望能为各水运企业的发展规划提供一些指导性的建议。     

大洋航线气候区划

根据大洋航线的气候特征，尤其是用风、雾、浪、流的时空分布进行分区，把各大洋航线划分为极地航区、温带航区、副热带航区、信风航区、赤道航区，每个航区又划分出若干亚区，对远洋航行航线选择，实现安全经济航行是十分重要的。     

自适应神经网络用于船舶动力定位系统

船舶动力定位（DP）采用一种控制系统驱动装在船上的侧推器和尾部推进器或者几个全回转的推进器，使船定位在海平面的要求位置上。船受到风、浪及流等海洋环境力的作用时会漂移离开原位置，传统的控制方法是采用PID（比例、积分、微分）反馈控制。顾和李（1994）提出了一种新的基于人工神经网络的控制方法，它具有许多优越性：①一个可随意调节的目标函数以适合不同的需求──定位精度高或节约定位能量后前馈控制并能自适应于不同的环境力变化包括非线性的波浪漂力；本文在目标函数中引入了与速度相关的项，从而提高控制质量。这一方法也可用于自动驾驶船舶沿设定的轨迹航行。计算机模拟结果表明本方法能达到很好的控制效果。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

世界航运人才需求与中国外派海员预测

根据世界航运人才的需求状况,利用航运经济增长模型,测算出2010年世界航海人才的需求量,并运用多种方案预测出2010年中国外派航海人员的数量,以此为中国有关高校的航运人才的培养和相关国际人才中介服务公司的发展提供依据。     

2020年世界船舶市场评述与2021年展望

回顾了2020年世界经济、航运、造船市场,并对2021年船舶市场进行展望。2020年新冠肺炎疫情席卷全球,全球经济整体呈现负增长,导致航运各细分市场情况迥异,除集运市场年底火热外,其他市场均处于低迷状态。新船交付量整体大幅回落,与去年同比减少约31%,市场出现大面积撤单现象,仅海工市场基本面向好。新船建造市场受疫情影响,与2019年同期相比下跌约11%,散货船是今年交付量中唯一呈现增长的船型。2021年预计世界经济同比大幅反弹,航运市场需求将强于供给,市场形势总体将优于2020年;同时,考虑到疫情对市场的影响效应短期持续,预计世界船舶市场将逐步趋于理性,主要船型的新船订单量将朝着长期均衡方向逐步恢复增长,并且绿色和智能依旧是未来的大方向。     

Mathematically calculating the transit time of cargo through a liner shipping network with various trans-shipment policies

This paper derives the mathematical expressions for the transit time of cargo through a liner shipping network. Main efforts are devoted to deriving the calculation expressions of the connection time of cargo during trans-shipment. For the forward and many-to-one trans-shipment policies, we conduct a minor correction towards the expressions in existing studies to improve the completeness. Meanwhile, we propose an alternative but more straightforward calculation method for connection time which bypasses the complicated inductive argument in existing studies. Then we introduce two new trans-shipment policies: backward trans-shipment and one-to-many trans-shipment, and mathematically calculate the corresponding connection times. Numerical experiments also deliver some managerial insights into the effectiveness of backward trans-shipment in transit time control.     

Key criteria influencing the choice of Arctic shipping: a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model

As Arctic sea ice shrinks due to global warming, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP) offer a substantial reduction in shipping distance between Asia and the European and North American continents, respectively, when compared to conventional routes through the Suez and Panama Canals. However, Arctic shipping routes have many problems associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to identify the key criteria that influence the decisions of shipping operators with respect to using Arctic shipping routes. A multi-criteria decision-making methodology, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, is applied to rank four potential categories of criteria (‘economic’, ‘technical’, ‘political’ and ‘safety’ factors) and their sub-criteria.

The results of the analysis suggest that, on aggregate, ‘economic’ is the most important category of influential factors, followed by ‘safety’, ‘technical’ and ‘political’ factors. The paper concludes, however, that the most influential specific sub-criteria relate to risks that lie mainly within the ‘safety’ and ‘political’ domains and that, especially in combination, these overwhelm the importance which is attached to ‘economic’ factors such as reduced fuel use. Finally, the implications of these findings for the future development of Arctic shipping are addressed at a strategic level.     

浅谈新常态下海员的现状与可持续发展

海员是我国从海洋大国向海洋强国转变的中流砥柱,他们为发展国民经济、保证航运安全和扩大对外开放做出了巨大的贡献。但是从当前形势来分析,我国对海员的教育培训力度和关怀力度却远远跟不上海洋经济的发展。文中主要指出我国海员目前所面临的发展现状,结合国外海员的发展模式及可吸取的经验,对我国海员的可持续发展做出较为全面的策略探讨。